Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee
Part Two
Heidi Wyman

The battle of Wounded Knee was the last mass extinction of Indians in America. This Battle eliminated the last major tribe of Indians, the Sioux. The Americans attacked the Sioux tribe, first taking all of their weapons so they could not fight back and then used their own weapons to kill all of the Sioux Indians. The tragedy at Wounded Knee was severe, but this was not the only time in history that we have seen a mass extinction of this extent. Hitler exterminated a great amount of Jewish people with the Holocaust, making it an event in history very similar to the extinction of the Indians.

The Holocaust and the Indian elimination have many things in common. The first similarity is the goal of the Americans and the Nazi's. Both groups wanted to wiping out/eliminating a race from the earth. The Americans wanted to eliminate the Indian race, so they could acquire their land and its riches. The American soldiers believed that "unless (the Indians were) removed by the government, they must necessarily be exterminated."(1) The Americans followed through with this plan coming very close to eliminating the Indian race. The Nazi's on the other hand wanted to eliminate the Jewish race because of strong hatred toward the Jewish from their leader. Hitler states in his speech before he was elected to power in Germany that if he was "ever really in power, the destruction of Jews will be (his) first and important job." He said "I will have gallows erected.... The Jews will be hanged one after another."(2) Again the Nazi's tried and killed much of the Jewish population in Germany. The Nazi's and the Americans had a very similar goal, elimination of a group of people.

When the Americans and Nazi's did not immediately kill their hostages, they would send them to live in horrible places. The American troops that captured hostages or tribes, would send and contain them in a small piece of land called a reservation. Most of the time these reservations were not fit for anyone or anything to live on. On one of the reservations the Indians were sent to live on, "there was not enough to eat in the empty land- no wild game, no clear water to drink, and the agent did not have enough rations to feed them all."(1) This was not all that troubled the Indians on the reservation. "To make matters worse, the summer heat was unbearable, and the air was filled with mosquitoes and flying dust."(1) There were many other reservations with conditions as bad as this one and worse. When the Nazi's did not sent the Jews to the gas chambers, they sent them to places like the reservations only they were called concentration camps. These concentration camps forced the Jewish people to do jobs for them without any payment. Jews who were sent to Auschwitz faced harsh working conditions, starvation and mistreatment. These people were also branded with a tattoo of a number, an ID number used to tell them apart. These tattoos were placed on the Jews in many different ways, one way was for the Nazi's to burn the number into the Jews chest and then dump ink into the open wound. This was only the start to the bad quality of the concentration camps, the Nazi's did not provide enough food or clothing, heart or other living essentials . The Indians and Jewish people were forced to live in horrible conditions, conditions no one should ever have to live in.

The Americans and Nazi's not only made life horrible for the Indians and Jews, they killed thousands of people. The Americans attacked the Indian race killing and mutilating including the women and children. This is best seen at the battle of Wounded Knee, the Americans went into the Indian camp and removed all of their weapons from them and then later they attacked this unarmed group killing almost all of the Indians, the men, the women and the children. The survivors were taken to a reservation where they were to live until death. The Jews were sometimes shot but usually were eliminated in a more efficient/consistent way. The Nazi's did not want to chance anyone living and they decided to build gas chambers where they would enclose the Jews and gas them to death. The Nazi's again showed no sympathy for the women and children, they saw the women as weak people who would not work with children and sent the women with children to the gas chambers first. The Nazi's then sent anyone they though were going to be to weak to work into the gas chambers next. The remaining people, mostly men, were sentenced to work for the Nazi's until death, which came within a year for most. The Americans savagely killed the Indians while the Nazi's savagely killed the Jews.

Although these two events had similarities they also had some differences. The Americans and the Nazi's both wanted to eliminate a race from the earth but they had different reasons. The Americans wanted to eliminate the Indians because they owned very valuable land, land that was excellent for growing crops, land that contained gold and silver and land the Americans could live one. The Americans attacked the Indians to strip them of their land, so the Americans could gain wealth. The Nazi's on the other hand had a very different reason for wanting to eliminate the Jews. The Nazi leader, Hitler, had a great hate for the Jews and was blaming them for the economical issues of Germany. He led his population to their problems stemmed from the Jews and that they should work to eliminate them. The Nazi's and the Americans had very different reasons for trying to eliminate the different races.

The Amount of people that survived the attacks of the Americans and Jews were different. The Indians were almost exterminated by the Americans. The Indian survival rate was very low, when the Americans were done attacking the Indians there were only a few hundred Indians left in each tribe, a number significantly lower then the amount the tribes started with. The Jews on the other hand had many more survivors. The Nazi's killed around six million Jews, some Jewish people surviving in Germany and around the world. The Jewish race had more survivors because their were Jews in other parts of the world and some of them ran away to other countries to survive. Unfortunately, the Indians, who were native to America ran out of places to run to. Today the Native American population is still much smaller.

The last difference between the events was that the Indians fought back while the Jewish people had very little means of fighting back. The Americans started their relationship with the Indians peacefully, this allowed the Indians to acquire guns and other weapons made by the Americans. These weapons allowed the Indians to fight back every step of the way while the Americans were attacking them and trying to steal their lands. The Jews on the other hand were striped of everything on them when they were taken to the concentration camps and they had no way of fighting back. Some of the Jewish population amazingly survived in the concentration camps, by hiding or running away however they were never able to attack/fight against their tormentors as the Native Americans did.

The removal/elimination of Native Americans and the extermination of the Jews by the Nazi's are similar historical events. In both events, a stronger more powerful group of people tried to eliminate another. Although there were some differences, the overall goal and outcome of the two events were very similar the attempted extermination of a race. These events had long term effects on the world.

Citations

(1) Brown, Dee. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee : An Indian History of the American West. New York, NY: Owl Books, 2003.

(2) Dr S D Stein. "Statements by Hitler and Senior Nazi's Concerning Jews and Judaism." Learning, Teaching and Researching on the Internet. Nov. 1998. 24 Aug. 2008 <http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/statements.htm>.

A Midwifes Tale
Quintessential American
Heidi Wyman

When looking for a quintessential American you look for someone who supports the American dream. Martha Ballard is a perfect example of a quintessential American. Martha's life, involvement with the community and job all support the American dream of being successful in society. Martha shows tremendous work ethic in all aspects of her life making her a well respected and great example of an American.

Martha Moore was born in Massachusetts and lived the beginning of her life there. Martha married Ephriam Ballard in 1754 and became Martha Ballard. She gave birth to her first child in 1756 and had four more children in the next ten years. Martha had four girls, three of which died in 1769 from the diphtheria epidemic. Martha gives birth to a child in 1769 and another in 1771 and finally she gave birth to her youngest son on January 1 of 1785. The Ballard family moves to Hallowell, Maine where Ephriam takes over a mill and Martha begins her midwife career. Martha records all of her deliveries and house calls as well as her housework in her diary now known as, A Midwifes Tale. Martha delivered her first child as a midwife in July of 1778 and continued to deliver children for the next thirty four years. She performed eight hundred and fourteen deliveries in Hallowell during her midwife career as well as tending to wounds, illnesses and sores of her neighbors. Martha also had a business in textiles, weaving, knitting and dress making. Martha taught all of her girls how to knit, weave and make dresses so they would be able to support themselves. Martha spent the rest of her time being a mother and taking care of the house. In the end of her life, Martha focuses on her garden while she finishes off her midwife career making her last deliveries in the beginning of 1812 and her last diary entry on May 7th. Martha died a few weeks after making her last diary entry.

Martha Ballard had many jobs including being a midwife, healer, mother, weaver, book keeper and keeper. During her career as midwife, she performed eighth hundred and fourteen deliveries in Hallowell, Maine. Being a midwife was not just a simple job of performing deliveries but also as a healer she tended to all of the neighbors wounds, illnesses and sores, even through the hardest times of the year when the snow was up to your knees in a blizzard. Martha worked hard to make the most deliveries with the least amount of losses, she reported every delivery she attend or performed. An example from her diary shows her diary style, "At Whites. His wife was delivered at 12 O Clok of a daughter and I was Called back to Mr. Parkers. His Lady was delivered at 0 hour 30 minutes of a daughter. I am some fatagud." (1) In this one example Martha delivered two separate children for two different families the Whites and the Parkers. Midwifes not only attended and performed deliveries they also tended to all of their neighbors and family members in times of illness, " At Mr. Hinkleys. Shee remaind poorly till afternoon then by remedys & other means shee got Easyer. I tarried all night" (1) Another part of Martha's job was being a textile maker. Martha and all of her daughter weaved for themselves and others. "Dolly wove her 7 yds of Diaper.", "Dolly warpt a piece for Mrs Pollard of 39 yards.", "Hannah began to weave Cyrus' web", " I have been at home knitting". (1) Hannah, Dolly and Martha spend their time knitting and weaving for others only when they marry do they make themselves blankets. "The girls quilted a two quilts.... They began to quilt at 3 hour pm. Finished and took it out at 7 evening." " The next day they put the quilt into the fraim." (1) Martha's jobs supported her family and gave her a consistent income to rely on. Martha's jobs support the American dream, she had both a successful textile business as well as a successful midwife business.

Another part of Martha's life that supports the American dream and her being a quintessential American is her family life. When Martha was not out with her midwife business, she was at home with her family taking care of her children, her house and growing food and cotton. Martha had four children to take care of and teach the skills they would need to live on their own. Martha spent most of the time with her girls teaching them how to make textiles-quilts, blankets and dresses- a skill they could use to provide money for their own family when they got older. Martha's home life also included taking care of which ever house she was living in. Martha had to cook and clean the house, she had some help from her daughters when they were living with her but when they were not she had all the work to do by herself. Martha also kept a garden where she could grow food that her family would need. Martha tended to her garden and relied on her garden when she got older and could not deliver babies as well as she once used to. Martha's house life was successful, raising children who were successful in society, keeping her house and creating a garden that could supply her family.

Martha's was very successful within her community. Martha had her midwife business that connected her with all of the people in her community and a weaving/textile skill that connected her to many women in the community. Martha cared for many of her community members whether it was through delivering their baby or taking care of them when they were sick. Martha was also just a good neighbor when her community members needed a place to sleep for a few nights or even a long period of time. Martha also contributed to the growth of the community delivering the most babies with the least amount of deaths. Martha took much pride in her community and continuously tried to improve it.

Martha is a quintessential American in many ways. The American dream is to be successful in society, Martha has accomplished this in all aspects of her life. Martha had two jobs, a midwife and textile maker, that were very successful for her. Her family life was successful having four children whom all grew up to be successful in the community. Martha was also very successful in the community, aiding her community members through hard times of sickness and childbirth. Martha's character also lends to the American work ethic, she was a hard worker continuing to deliver babies into her seventies. Martha is truly a quintessential American.


Citations
(1) Ulrich, Laurel T. A Midwife's Tale. New York: Vintage Books, 1991.

Frederick Douglass Thematic Question
Heidi Wyman

In the time Frederick Douglass wrote his autobiography about his life as a slave, slavery was still going on in the south. Frederick's story informed the people of the treatment the slaves were receiving and created a lot of controversy. The majority of people in the north did not have slaves or witness the treatment of slaves in the south, so reading about the slavery in the south and how the slaves were treated was a huge shock to the northern citizens. This was also shocking because Frederick was a former slave of a southern state.

Frederick was born and grew up in Maryland, with a maternal grandmother Betty Bailey. Frederick was owned by Anthony until Anthony's death, when Frederick was given to Lucretia Auld and Thomas Auld. Lucretia sent him to Hugh Auld in Baltimore where his wife taught Frederick how to read and write. Sophia taught Frederick the skills to read and write until her husband found out and forbade her from teaching him anything because he was a slave. Frederick was determined to learn how to read and write and continued to teach himself with help from neighborhood children whom were being taught. Thomas Auld soon hired Frederick out to Mr. Freeman to work on his plantation. While owned by Mr. Freeman, Frederick started a sabbath school where he would teach slaves how to read the new testament and how to write. Frederick taught about forty people in every Sunday session and was successful for about six months. Other slave owners realized that their slaves were learning how to read and write they busted into the school with clubs and stones and ended the school for good. Frederick was sent back to Thomas Auld where he was sent to live with Edward Covey, the "slave breaker". Frederick was whipped often even when there was no reason at all. He was fed up with the beatings and decided to fight back, Frederick was never beaten again by Mr. Covey. Frederick escaped from his owner and made it to the free states.

When Frederick's book was published it created more controversy between the Northern states and the Southern states over slavery. The Northern states did not support slave owning, while the Southern states depended on slaves to farm and produce cotton. The people of the north noticed the injustice of slavery and it shocked them because it was still going on. In other examples of bad treatment of a massive group of people such as the holocaust, the events have already happened when the survivors wrote books about their treatment. Frederick was writing about something that was still going on in another part of America. This created controversy between the slave states and the non-slave states.

Fredericks novel also created controversy because the details of treatment were shocking to those who read about it. Fredericks story revealed how the slaves in the south were treated. He told one story about a slave who was being whipped and ran into the lake to avoid further whipping. The slave refused to get out of the water and the overseer shot and killed him in the water. There were more stories like this in Fredericks autobiography that shocked the people of the north. This created controversy between the slave states and the non-slave states because the most people in the North were not aware of the treatment the southern slaves were receiving. When they learned the details they were outraged. This again adding to the split between the Northern and southern states.

The details of Fredrick's book were not only a shock because it was still happening, it was also a shock because Maryland, where Frederick lived, was supposed to be a kind slavery state. To have Frederick write so horrible things about the treatment he received in Maryland shocked the people of the north. It also shocked them because if this was the treatment of a nice slave state how were the other slave states treating their slaves. Wm. Lloyd Garrison states that "the treatment of slaves in Maryland, in which State it is conceded that they are better fed and less cruelly treated than in Georgia, Alabama, or Louisiana. Many have suffered incomparably more, while very few on the plantations have suffered less, then himself."

This book also created controversy because it was written by a former slave. Some people could not believe that a former slave would know how to read and write well enough to write his own book with no help. People started to question whether Frederick was really a slave because he had the skills to read and write. This was very controversial because the current expectations of slaves were that they were not intelligent and did not know how to read or write because they were unintelligent. Slave owners did not want there slaves to have these skills so they could keep the system of slavery going. That a slave worked on his own to educate himself and succeeded was a shock to many.

Frederick's book not only attacked slave owners it attacked all who were not doing something to stop slavery. Frederick attacked the Southern slave owners who used Christianity to justify their actions against the slaves. Frederick states that he loves "the pure, peaceable, and impartial Christianity of Christ; I therefore hat the corrupt, slaveholding, women-whipping, cradle-plundering, partial and hypocritical Christianity of this land." Frederick also commented on his disapproval of northern Christianity groups/ churches who did not join the fight against slavery. Frederick's views on Christianity were very thought provoking and brought about much disagreement.

Frederick created a lot of controversy between the non-slave states and the slave states of America. His book supported the Abolitionist's cause and increased the split between the States that would lead to the Civil War and eventually the end slavery in the states. Frederick's book addressed aspects slavery that were not well known to many American citizens. He challenged those who were not fighting against slavery and attacked the one thing that the people of American cared about most, their religion. Frederick did more for the slaves then he would ever see in his own life time. Without the controversy created from Frederick's novel, Slavery might have lasted longer, Frederick was an essential contributor to the fight against slavery.

Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
Heidi Wyman
Part One

The Native American culture thrived in America for many years before the Americans came. In the first six chapters of Dee Brown’s book, Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, he describes how the Americans treated the Native Americans and how the Native Americans reacted to this treatment. He tells of treaties the Native Americans had with the Americans and how well these treaties were kept by the Native Americans but not respected by the new Americans. Dee Brown provides many examples of how the United States of America has failed in its treatment of Native Americans.

Dee Brown addresses the Navahos relationship with the Americans in the first part of his book. The Navahos’ were a group of Indian farmers who grew plants and raised animals. The Navahos entered into various peace treaties with the Americans, including one in January of 1861 that stated that both sides would be peaceful to each other. The peace treaty was successful for two years with both the Indians and Americans keeping peace. In 1863, Carleton came across the Navahos land with his army and decided that he wanted to have the land. In June of 1863, the Americans broke the peace treaty by starting a campaign, destroying the Indian troops, burning the Indian homes and capturing their animals. After four months, two parts of the Navahos tribe came to Carleton asking for a peace treaty. Carlton told them they could move to the Bosque Redondo reservation. Three months pass and more Navahos came to ask for peace. Carleton denied them and when the whole tribe came back to ask for peace he told them they could go to the reservation and he would transport them there. The journey to Bosque Redondo was three hundred miles, Carleton sent the first group with enough supplies to get to the reservation with the least amount of people dieing so the rest of the tribe would feel comfortable to leave. Two thousand four hundred Navahos were sent on the second trip to the reservation without all the supplies sufficient for the journey. One hundred ninety seven Navahos died on this trip to the reservation. The third group of Navahos had nine hundred forty six travelers and one hundred and ten died. Once the Navahos got to the camp it did not provide them with the land they needed to grow their crops, keep their animals and survive. The Americans again failed to keep their end of the peace treaty.

The next group of Indians that the Americans made a treaty with were the Santee Sioux. The Sioux had four divisions, the Mdewkantons, Wahpentons, Wahpekutes and Sissetons. Before the civil war, the Americans made a treaty with the Indians promising them annuities for the land they were taking from the Indians. In the ten years after the war, the Americans refused to give the Indians annuities, they took their hunting ground and killed off all of the game and buffalos the Sioux needed for food. The Indians were unhappy and responded to this treatment by fighting the Americans under the leadership of Little Crow. The Sioux were not successful and they were placed on trial by Sibley the leader of the American troop. Six hundred Indian Warriors were placed in jail, three hundred and three Indians were sentenced to death and sixteen Indians were sentenced to long-term prison. After the sentences, there were seventeen hundred Indian women and children that would be transferred to Fort Snelling These Indians were assaulted, stoned and clubbed. When the Indians got to Fort Snelling they were underfed and poorly treated. The Americans used the Santee Sioux’s uprising as and excuse to take their land without any payment, exterminate their military leaders and move the Santee’s to a reservation in Dakota. The Americans again failed to keep their end of the treaty with the Indians.

The American set another peace treaty with the Cheyennes that gave them right to build one road on the Cheyennes land, but the Cheyennes did not surrender any rights to land, fishing and hunting over the road and tracks. There was peace from both sides until the Pike’s Peak Gold Rush. Thousands of Americans fled to the Cheyenne land building forts and then Cities. The Cheyennes came back to the Americans trying to keep peace and give them some of their land but nothing more then they were already on. Again the Americans actions broke treaties they had signed with the Cheyennes.

Another treaty is made with the Cheyennes, stating that both sides will be peaceful. The Indians worked to avoid the American soldiers and keep peace. The Americans attacked Lean Bear as he approached in peace. The Cheyennes move from Fort Lyon and the Americans chase after them attacking them. The Americans attack the Cheyennes at Sand Creek and even though they had a peace flag. The Native Americans at Sand Creek were butchered and mutilated, women and children included. The Indians that were left signed a treaty that gave the Americans their land and agreed to live south of the Arkansas. Again, the Americans forced the Indians to give up their land by repeatedly breaking treaties and violent attacks.

The next American treaty made was with the Plains Indians for peace. An American military leader Connor stated that there would be no chance of peace with the Indians and that he would kill all Indians in his way. Connor came into the Indians land without permission, breaking the treaty, and started to build forts. Connor did not stop with one fort but instead pushed into the Native American territory to build a second, he pushed into the Indians land and eventually attacked the Arapaho camp in the Battle of Tongue River. Indian men, women and children were slaughtered and the village was destroyed. The Indians were able to regroup and push Connor from their land for a short time.

The Americans attempt to make another treaty with the Plains Indians and ask them to come to Fort Laramie. This treaty would be for peace and passage through their territory. The Indians agree to go to Fort Laramie and sign the treaty but when Red Bull gets there and is waiting for the American representatives, they discover that while they are waiting to sign a treaty American soldiers are trying to take their land (the Cheyennes last hunting ground) by force and thus they back out of the treaty. At this point Red Cloud and the Cheyennes join with the leaders from the Arapahos and Sioux to work together against the Americans. They attack repeatedly on the Americans railroads, wagons and anyone who entered their territory. The Indians were successful and when Sherman came they got their hunting grounds back from the Americans for a short period of time.

The Americans repeatedly made treaties with the Indians to make them feel safe and then attacked them to get their land, animals or just to kill them. The Americans justified their action with a term created by Americans Manifest Destiny. This meant that the dominant race would rule the land. The Americans believed that they were the dominant race so they would be able to rule the Indians and all of the land the Indians owned. America has failed in its treatment of Indians, they over and over again made treaties with the Indians and never kept them. Americans fought the Indians when all they wanted was peace, they destroyed them when the Indians never had the proper equipment to protect themselves and fight back. The Americans destroyed their race out of greed, this is complete failure of proper treatment of Native Americans.

Frederick Douglass or Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey as named at birth, was an African American slave during the 19th century. He had many different masters who all forced him to work usually on the farms or boats. Frederick witnessed and received some of most gruesome beatings and shootings of African American slaves. During his time as a slave, Frederick never knew what abolition meant but he continuously fought for the cause especially after gaining his freedom. Fredericks intention for publishing his life story was to fight against the slavery of the south.

Frederick Douglass' felt his first obligation was to expose the treatment of the slaves to the citizens of the Northern states. Douglass' short book of one hundred and twenty one pages shows many times the cruel treatment the slaves received from their masters. One of the most striking examples Frederick gives is when a man ran into the lake to avoid being whipped. "He had given Demby but few stripes, when to get rid of the scourging, he ran and plunged himself into the creek, and stood there at the depth of his shoulders, refusing to come out." The overseer then "raised his musket to his face, taking deadly aim at his standing victim, and in an instant poor Demby was no more." (1) Douglass felt obligated to tell the people of the north of this outrageous treatment and that no legal action was taken against the overseer. Frederick wanted to inform people that this treatment continues every day in the southern states. Fredericks second reason for writing his book was to prove that he was and had been a slave. When people found out that Frederick knew how to read, write and speak eloquently, they questioned if he had ever been a slave. Frederick states that "People doubted if I had ever been a slave." (1) He felt he needed to tell details of his story to legitimize his messages. He was successful in his task giving those included enough information to verify his life story if they chose. Frederick felt it was very important to tell his story even if it meant he had to flee to Europe for a time.

Frederick's story did not just inform the people of the north, it shocked them, Wm. Lloyd Garrison states that these people were "so profoundly ignorant of the nature of slavery". (1) People of the north acknowledged that the southern states had slaves but they did not know how the slaves were being treated. The people of the north were oblivious to the injustice, exposure to outrages and savage barbarity that the southern slaves were facing. They were also not aware of the scourging, mutilations, branding and banishment of knowledge that the slaves were receiving. "When all the rights of the humanity are annihilated, any barrier remains to protect the victim from the fury of the spoiler." The people of the north were not only shocked because of the treatment of the southern slaves, they were also shocked because it was still happening. In other examples, such as stories from the holocaust, the events are over. Frederick was writing with slavery still going on and with African American people still being beaten. Not only does Frederick write about the slaves still in the southern states he expresses his concern for those slaves. "From that time until now, I have been engaged in pleading the cause of my brethren - with what success and with devotion, I leave those acquainted with my labors to decide." (1)

Frederick Douglass' intent when he wrote his life story was to fight against slavery. Douglass continued to fight against slavery for the rest of his life, writing another book, My Bondage And My Freedom, and working with Lincoln to free the slaves. Frederick was the best fit to lead the abolitionists toward freedom of the African Americans. From the years 1842 to 1844 Frederick made speeches and soon started to publish a news paper for the free African Americans of the North. Gregory Stephens states that "it is Douglass, rather than Lincoln, who represents the Republican Party's most inclusive legacy."(1) Frederick was a great leader to the fight against slavery and his efforts would pay off in the end. Frederick not only participated in the fight against slavery, he took part in fighting for womens rights. He had an important role in the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, where they would take the first step in getting women rights. When he started the fight for womens rights he, started to publish stories in his paper with titles such as "Right is of no sex, truth is of no color."(1)

Frederick was very successful with his autobiography fighting against slavery. Fredericks story shocked all who read it at the time and it continues to educate readers, it made people realize that the slaves of the south were being cruelly treated and that something needed to be done about it. The stories Frederick told were gruesome and new to the people of the north. The world of the nineteenth century was completely different then our world today. Today if things such as slavery were happening in one part of the world it would be on the news and everyone in the world would know about it. However, this doesn't mean the U.S. does anything to help or change these situations. We need motivations to get involved such as Frederick's book. In the nineteenth century, there was no television or news to inform the people of what was going on. Frederick Douglass took on the task of informing and fighting against slavery and was very successful.


Citations
1) Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. New York: Signet Classics, 2005.